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Moving to Europe from Outside the EU: Visas, Residence Permits & Country Differences (2025)

Thinking about relocating to Europe? This guide explains the core visa paths, documents you’ll need, and the key differences by destination country—so you can plan with confidence and then deep-dive into our individual country pages.

Short stay vs. long stay: know the difference

Short-stay (Schengen) visa allows visits up to 90 days in any 180-day period across the Schengen Area (uniform rules apply). It’s for tourism, business trips, and other temporary stays, not settlement.

Long-stay links referenced in source materials removed for clarity. Always check official sources of your destination country.

Long-stay (national “Type D”) visas are issued by a specific country for stays over 90 days (work, study, family, entrepreneurship). Holders can usually travel in other Schengen countries short-term while their D visa is valid, but residence rights are tied to the issuing country.

Common pathways to live in Europe

Work permits & EU Blue Card (highly-skilled): The EU Blue Card lets qualified non-EU professionals live and work in most EU countries. You’ll need higher qualifications, a job contract (typically ≥ 6 months) and a salary meeting each country’s threshold (often around 1.5–1.6× the national average; exact figures set nationally and updated).

Students & researchers: Long-stay D visas for accredited studies or research; many countries let graduates remain to job-hunt or convert to work permits (rules vary by country—check our country guides).

Family reunification: If your close family member holds EU residence or citizenship, you may qualify for reunification under national rules (eligibility, income, and housing requirements differ by country).

Entrepreneurs, investors & remote workers: Several countries offer routes for founders or self-employed; some also have remote worker/digital nomad visas with minimum income and private health-insurance requirements (details and thresholds differ—see the relevant consulate pages in our country guides).

Documents you’ll typically need

Requirements vary, but you’ll generally prepare:

For Schengen short-stay, travel medical insurance is mandatory and must cover the entire stay across Schengen countries with minimum €30,000 coverage (repatriation and emergency care included).

How countries differ (what to compare)

Next step: Use Compare to see living costs, salaries, taxes, safety and healthcare by country, then Start Quiz to match your goals with visa feasibility and everyday life factors.

Quick FAQ

How long can I stay in the Schengen Area without a residence permit?
For eligible nationalities, up to 90 days in any 180-day period on a Schengen short-stay (Type C) visa or visa-free under Schengen policy. For longer stays you need a national long-stay (Type D) visa/residence.

What is the EU Blue Card and who qualifies?
A residence/work permit for highly-skilled non-EU professionals, requiring higher qualifications, an employment contract (≥ 6 months) and a country-specific salary threshold relative to the national average.

Do I need medical insurance?
Yes. For Schengen short stays, travel medical insurance is required and must be valid across Schengen for the entire stay with at least €30,000 coverage (emergency care & repatriation).

Are rules the same in every European country?
No. Short-stay rules are harmonized across Schengen, but long-stay permits (work, study, family, entrepreneurship) are national. Always check the specific country’s requirements—use our country pages for official links and steps.

Ready to plan your move?

Compare countries first, then take the quiz — get suggestions that match your goals and your route to Europe.